John+Adams

//Adams began his education in a common school in Braintree.// Adams became a prominent public figure in his activities against the Stamp Act,in response to which he wrote and published a popular article, Essay on the Canon and Feudal Law. John adams was married in 1766 has wife's name is Abigail Smith Adams'.

Massachusetts Assembly in 1770, and was chosen one of five to represent the colony at the First Continental Congress in 1774.

John Adams Diary This is John Adams' Wife Abigail Smith Adams On November 1, 1800, just before the election, Adams arrived in the new Capital City to take up his residence in the White House. On his second evening in its damp, unfinished rooms, he wrote his wife, "Before I end my letter, I pray Heaven to bestow the best of Blessings on this House and all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May none but honest and wise Men ever rule under this roof." Adams retired to his farm in Quincy. Here he penned his elaborate letters to Thomas Jefferson. Here on July 4, 1826, he whispered his last words: "Thomas Jefferson survives." But Jefferson had died at Monticello a few hours earlier. //Vice President John Adams by John Singleton Copley//, April 29, 1789
 * John Adams diary 7, 21 March - 18 October 1761 [electronic edition]. //Adams Family Papers: An Electronic Archive.// Massachusetts Historical Society.
 * Nearly 180 years ago, two great American revolutionaries and former U S Presidents lay dying in their beds.

In 1761, John Adams began to write and act against British measures that he believed infringed on colonial liberties and the right of Massachusetts and the other colonies to self-government. Although he never wavered in his devotion to colonial rights and committed himself to independence as an unwelcome last resort, Adams's innate conservatism and sense of justice led him to an interesting choice in 1770. Adams and another prominent lawyer, Josiah Quincy, defended British soldiers who had fired on and killed several members of an unruly mob in Boston. Radicals branded the incident "the Boston Massacre," but Adams believed the soldiers deserved a fair hearing.

John Adams in his Journal on why he was leaving Boston, 1771 In June 1770, Adams was elected to the General Court, the lower house of the Massachusetts legislature. Among the first duties Adams attended to was to serve on a committee charged with stating the Assembly's objections to doing business in Cambridge instead of its home of Boston. The petition was rejected by the Lieutenant Governor. The General Court then recessed for the spring circuit. Adams' law business increased little, however, the quality of his clients improved. John once again began to take up his diary, a habit which he dropped during the hectic Boston Massacre trial. It was another sign that his law business was not as busy as he hoped.
 * The Boston Massacre was the act of British soldiers firing into a mob of Boston citizens. When the smoke had cleared, five citizens of the mob were dead, including Crispus Attucks. The captain of the troops was [|Thomas Preston]. After the troops had stop firing, Captain Preston noticed a Boston citizen walking directly up to soldiers. The citizen, Benjamin Burdick told Captain Preston, //"I want to see some faces that I may swear to another day."// Captain Preston, realizing that there would soon be a trial, answered, //"Perhaps, sir, you may."//
 * [[image:http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41Z620FNVDL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-dp-500-arrow,TopRight,45,-64_OU01_AA240_SH20_.jpg width="240" height="240" caption="John Adams" link="http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743223136/ref=sib_dp_pt/102-3229846-9960952#reader-link"]]A book written by David McCullough abuot John Adams and Abuot the American Revoultion.

Adams, a sponsor of the [|American Revolution] in [|Massachusetts], was a driving force for independence in 1776; Jefferson called him the "Colossus of Independence". He represented the [|Continental Congress] in Europe. He was a major negotiator of the eventual [|peace treaty] with Great Britain, and chiefly responsible for obtaining the loans from the Amsterdam money market necessary for the conduct of the Revolution. His prestige secured his two elections as Washington's Vice President and his election to succeed him. As President, he was frustrated by battles inside his own [|Federalist] party against a faction led by [|Alexander Hamilton], but he broke with them to avert a major conflict with [|France] in 1798, during the [|Quasi-War] crisis. He became the founder of an important family of politicians, diplomats and historians, and [|in recent years his reputation has improved].
 * **John Adams, Jr.** ([|October 30], [|1735] – [|July 4], [|1826]) was the second [|President of the United States] (1797–1801). He also served as America's first [|Vice President] (1789–1797). He was [|defeated for re-election] in the "[|Revolution of 1800]" by [|Thomas Jefferson]. Adams was also the first President to reside in the newly built [|White House] in [|Washington, D.C.], which was completed in [|1800].

Opponent of Stamp Act 1765 [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/92/John_adams_stamp.JPG]]
Adams first rose to prominence as an opponent of the [|Stamp Act] of 1765. In that year, he drafted the instructions which were sent by the inhabitants of [|Braintree] to its representatives in the Massachusetts legislature, and which served as a model for other towns to draw up instructions to their representatives. In August 1765, he anonymously contributed four notable articles to the [|Boston Gazette] (republished in //The London Chronicle// in 1768 as //True Sentiments of America// and also known as //A Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal Law//). In the letter he suggested that there was a connection between the Protestant ideas that Adams' Puritan ancestors brought to New England and the ideas that suggested they resist the Stamp Act. In the former he explained that the opposition of the colonies to the [|Stamp Act] was because the Stamp Act deprived the American colonists of two basic rights guaranteed to all Englishmen, and which all free men deserved: rights to be taxed only by consent and to be tried only by a jury of one's peers. The "Braintree Instructions" were a succinct and forthright defense of colonial rights and liberties, while the Dissertation was an essay in political education. In December 1765, he delivered a speech before the governor and council in which he pronounced the Stamp Act invalid on the ground that Massachusetts, being without representation in Parliament, had not assented to.

Boston Massacre: 1770
In 1770, a street confrontation resulted in [|British soldiers] killing four civilians in what became known as the [|Boston Massacre]. The soldiers involved, who were arrested on criminal charges, had trouble finding legal counsel. Finally, they asked Adams to defend them. Although he feared it would hurt his reputation, he agreed. One of the soldiers, Captain [|Thomas Preston] gave Adams a symbolic "single guinea" as a retaining fee,[|[7]] the only fee he received in the case. Or, as stated in the biography of John Adams by David McCullough, Adams received nothing more than a retainer of eighteen guineas.[|[8]]

In Europe
Congress chose Adams to represent the fledgling union in Europe in 1777, and again in 1779. On the second trip, he was appointed as [|minister plenipotentiary][| charged with the mission of negotiating a treaty of peace and a treaty of commerce with Great Britain; he went to Europe in September 1779. The French government, however, did not approve of Adams’s appointment and subsequently, on the insistence of the French foreign minister, the][|Comte de Vergennes][|,][|Benjamin Franklin][|,][|Thomas Jefferson][|,][|John Jay][| and][|Henry Laurens][| were appointed to cooperate with Adams. In the event Jay, Adams and Franklin played the major part in the negotiations. Overruling Franklin, Jay and Adams decided not to consult with France; instead, they dealt directly with the British commissioners.][|[20]][|]

This was a Quater of John Adams in 1797-1801

Q1. How would he have traveled? Horse and carriage Q2. How would he have communicated with his friends? Letter A1. U.S. Population when term began: 5,308,483 A2. Number of stars on flag when he left office: 16